At the same time, it was an area where both free Blacks and slaves worked in the city, especially on the waterfront and steamboats. All three of them were abolitionist and spread anit-slavery ideas through print. Francis Butter Murdoch, the district attorney of Alton, prosecuted Lovejoy's murder but no one was convicted. However, the newspaper's owners released the Observer property to the moneylender who held the mortgage and the new owners asked Lovejoy to stay on as editor. [7] During the winter and spring, he taught at China Academy. After the Reverend Elijah Lovejoy, editor of an Abolitionist newspaper in St. Louis, moved it in 1836 to Alton, Illinois, the citizens of Alton destroyed in on three occasions. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. He ended by declaring that he would not be driven away, but would continue his work in Alton. Corrections? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Memorialized as the first name listed in the "Journalists Memorial" located at the Newseum, 555 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC. Although McIntosh attempted to escape, he was caught and a mob tied him up and burned him to death. was destroyed four times. Originally from Maine, Lovejoy moved to Alton, Illinois in southern Illinois where he published the Alton Observer, an anti-slavery newspaper, and helped found the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society. Due to his own lack of an education, he encouraged his sons—Daniel, J… He reminded the audience that he was a hardworking and God-fearing citizen who had broken no laws, and that the physical threats to him and his family were totally unjustified. Lovejoy's father was a Congregational preacher and farmer and his mother, a devout Christian. Definitions of Reverend Lovejoy, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of Reverend Lovejoy, ... For the abolitionist, see Elijah Parish Lovejoy. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. Lovejoy packed what remained of the office for shipment to Alton. College Avenue Presbyterian Church (formerly Upper Alton Presbyterian), which was founded by Elijah Lovejoy, merged with United Presbyterian Church in Wood River, IL in 2016. Elijah Parish Lovejoy Elijah Parish Lovejoy (1802-1837), a native of Albion, Maine, was murdered in Alton, Illinois by a pro-slavery mob on November 7, 1837 while defending his right to promote the abolition of slavery in the United States. abolitionist reverend. One was killed and the other seriously injured. The church is now named LoveJoy United Presbyterian Church, after its founder. The noted abolitionist Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy (1802-37) is believed to have owned this press. However, the presiding judge, Judge Lawless, refused to convict anyone and considered the crime a spontaneous mob action without any specific people to prosecute. They sent a boy up with a torch to set fire to the wooden roof. On November 2, 1837, five days before his death, he gave an emotive speech in Alton on the abolition question. Observing the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, the Reverend Owen Lovejoy denied that the Constitution and the laws made under its authority must in all circumstances be obeyed. ...” in History if there is no answer or all answers are wrong, use a search bar and try to find the answer among similar questions. Another sixty years passed before John Glanville Gill published the first full-length biography of the slain abolitionist minister and editor. Reverent Lovejoy (aka Elijah Parish Lovejoy)- He was a famous abolitionist and Presbyterian minister during the early 19th century. What happened by the 1850s? After spending the afternoon there, they headed to the Cambridge home of Reverend Joseph C. Lovejoy, brother of the martyred abolitionist Elijah Lovejoy. abolitionist. Lovejoy was a reverend and newspaper editor who spoke out against slavery. He was an. Get an answer to your question “1.How did Elijah Lovejoy and William Lloyd Garrison contribute to the abolitionist movement? What did Reverend Lovejoy become? These conflicts of interest resulted in a "not guilty" verdict. Finally, on the night of November 7, 1837, a mob attacked the building, and Lovejoy was killed in its defense. As a result, Elijah was taught to read the Bible and other religious texts at an early age.[4]. [6] On the night of February 16, Hayden and Smith brought Minkins to the Bigelows' house in Concord to hide. Lovejoy is the minister at The First Church of Springfield—the Protestant church in … [13], In spring 1834, Lovejoy penned a number of articles and editorials criticizing the Catholic Church. [15], In 1837 he started the Alton Observer, also an abolitionist paper. Missouri was a slave state, and in 1835 a letter signed by a number of important men in St. Louis requested him to moderate the tone of his editorials. Alton had been settled by pro-slavery Southerners who thought Alton should not become a haven for escaped slaves. [2] Lovejoy's father was a Congregational preacher and farmer, and his mother was a homemaker and a devout Christian. He worked as an editor of an anti-Jacksonian newspaper, the St. Louis Observer, and ran a school. Despite its new location, his press was destroyed by mobs several times in one year. Senator from Maine. The leaders of the mob set up a ladder against the warehouse. Chaplin sent the money that his former student so needed. (person wanting to abolish slavery) and believed slavery was a sin against God. Reverend Lovejoy ( Simpsons) (Presbyterian)Reverend Elijah Lovejoy. That same year, Lovejoy began editorializing on slavery, the most controversial social issue of that time. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, List of journalists killed in the United States, "Winthrop S. Gilman Dead: An Original Abolitionist and Successful Business Man and Banker", "Elijah Parish Lovejoy Was Killed By a Pro-slavery Mob", John Glanville Gill. Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. In 1835, Lovejoy married Celia Ann French, of St. Charles, Missouri, and they had two children. Reverend Lovejoy was its most famous resident and occupied the house from 1838 until his death in 1864. There was such fear at the time of Lovejoy's death that no service was held, and the town newspaper he had led did not even report his death, though many other newspapers around the country decried this murder. Born in Maine, Lovejoy moved to Princeton in 1838 where he was a minister for a Congregationalist Church. The news of his death stirred the people of the North profoundly and led to a great strengthening of abolitionist sentiment. Lovejoy is perhaps best known for his role in the Underground Railroad. Daniel Lovejoy named his son "Elijah Parish" in honor of his close friend and mentor, Elijah Parish, a minister who was also involved in politics. The mob put up the ladder again; when Lovejoy and Weller went out to overturn it, they were spotted and shot. The large Catholic community of St. Louis was offended by these attacks, but Lovejoy did not back down. a mob in 1837. Lovejoy and his supporter Royal Weller went outside, surprised the pro-slavery partisans, pushed over the ladder and retreated back inside the warehouse. He is voiced by Harry Shearer, and first appeared in the episode " The Telltale Head ". It is the story, for example, of abolitionist newspaperman Elijah P. Lovejoy, murdered by a pro-slavery mob in 1837, and the U.S. soldiers who twenty-four years later fought to … The Lovejoy School in Washington, DC was named in his honor in 1870. Elijah P. Lovejoy, Alton, 1837, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, 1946, "Angry mobs, deadly duels, presses set on fire: A history of attacks on the press", http://www.newseum.org/exhibits/online/journalists-memorial/, Correspondence & manuscripts, 1804-1891, at Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Frontenac, Missouri meetinghouse where Lovejoy once preached, Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, List of lynching victims in the United States, William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner, Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN), Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore, Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act, The National Memorial for Peace and Justice, National Museum of African American History and Culture, "The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy&oldid=1001024503, Presbyterian Church (USA) teaching elders, American anti-abolitionist riots and civil disorder, Articles needing additional references from November 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In 1860, Thomas Dimmock, editor of the Alton Democrat, located the grave and arranged for a proper grave marker. [8] Agreeing, Lovejoy in May 1827 moved to Boston to earn money for his journey, having settled on Illinois as his destination. Many in Alton began questioning allowing Lovejoy to continue printing in their town. As tensions over slavery escalated in St. Louis, Lovejoy would not back down from his convictions and he had a sense that he would become a martyr for the cause. On the fourth, on November 7, 1837, the mob murdered Lovejoy. What was Reverend Lovejoy killed by? After the Reverend Elijah Lovejoy, editor of an Abolitionist newspaper in St. Louis, moved it in 1836 to Alton, Illinois, the citizens of Alton destroyed in on three occasions. Returning to St. Louis, he set up a church and resumed work as editor of the Observer. “Is the individual swallowed up in the citizen?” he asked. Britannica now has a site just for parents! [14] He sold his interest in the Times, returned East to study at the Princeton Theological Seminary, and upon completion, went to Philadelphia, where he became an ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church in April 1833. Lovejoy was prominent in the abolition movement and the Underground Railroad, a founder of the Illinois and national Republican party, and a congressional leader. Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. abolitionist outcries had been an impact on northern minds and were beginning to sway more and more toward their side. "[13] A year later, Lovejoy found the call to God he desired. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He began an abolitionist newspaper in Illinois. On the fourth, on November 7, 1837, the mob murdered Lovejoy. In his name, his brother Owen became the leader of the Illinois abolitionists. He was asked to resign as editor of the Observer, to which he agreed. Lovejoy received financial support from minister Benjamin Tappan to continue his attendance at Waterville College. [1]:97–98 "The Boston Recorder declared that these events called forth from every part of the land 'a burst of indignation which has not had its parallel in this country since the Battle of Lexington. According to John Quincy Adams, the murder "[gave] a shock as of an earthquake throughout this country". Elijah P. Lovejoy, in full Elijah Parish Lovejoy, (born November 9, 1802, Albion, Maine, U.S.—died November 7, 1837, Alton, Illinois), American newspaper editor and martyred abolitionist who died in defense of his right to print antislavery material in the period leading up to the American Civil War (1861–65). Frederick Douglass was a leader of the abolitionist movement who had escaped from slavery and was a great orator and wrote very important antislavery writing. This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 22:09. Elijah P. Lovejoy (1838). His activity in support of abolition had been prominently on display in two local forums. Lovejoy was hit five times with slugs from a shotgun and died immediately; Weller was wounded. Joseph P. and Owen Lovejoy, The Martyrdom of Lovejoy, An Account of the Life, Trials, and Perils of Rev. After becoming proficient enough in Latin and mathematics, he enrolled at Waterville College (now Colby College) in Waterville, Maine, as a sophomore in 1823. When Lovejoy and his men returned fire, they hit several people in the crowd, killing a man named Bishop.[18]. [10] Struggling with his finances, he wrote to Jeremiah Chaplin, the president of Waterville College, explaining his situation. Updates? "Timothy Lovejoy" redirects here. Omissions? while southern states took steps to protect the practice, a growing antislavery movement was brewing in the north. What happened to Reverend Lovejoy's printing press? Reverend Timothy Lovejoy, Jr. is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is also honored in the name of the current Presbytery of Giddings-Lovejoy, formed from the merger of Elijah Parish Lovejoy Presbytery and the Presbytery of Southeast Missouri on January 3, 1985. Elijah Lovejoy was an abolitionist, antislavery activist and advocate, Presbyterian reverend, newspaper editor, and publisher who earned a reputation as an uncompromising opponent of slavery. Richard Lovejoy, writer and descendant of Elijah P. Lovejoy. He also started an abolitionist paper called the Alton Observer. Elijah Lovejoy was buried in Alton Cemetery in an unmarked grave. Lovejoy was away from the city at this time and the publishers declared that no further articles on slavery would appear during Lovejoy's absence and, when he returned, he would follow a more rigorous editorial policy. Daniel Lovejoy named his son "Elijah Parish" in honor of his close friend and mentor, the Reverend Elijah Parish, who was also involved in politics. [20][page needed]. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It closed in 1988 and became the Lovejoy Lofts condominiums in 2004. For the abolitionist and congressman, see Owen Lovejoy. Twenty years after Lovejoy’s death – and before becoming president – Lincoln wrote to his friend, the Reverend James Lemen, reflecting, “Lovejoy’s tragic death for freedom in every sense marked his sad ending as the most important single event that ever happened in … The Rights of All (formerly Freedom’s Journal), founded 1829, by Reverend Samuel E. Cornish . There are no choices 4,738 results, page 9 Margaret ____1__ young people may be able to list the many accomplishments of the Reverend Dr. Marting Luther, King jr. I am chiefly indebted to him, and to my employment in the printing office, for what little learning I obtained while in slavery."[12]. The supporters in attendance were surprised to see two pro-slavery advocates in the crowd, John Hogan and Illinois Attorney General Usher F. Linder. In it, he asserted his willingness to respect the views of his opponents, but claimed the right to challenge them, as guaranteed in the Constitution. His death deeply affected many Northerners and greatly strengthened the abolitionist (anti-slavery) cause. Frederick Douglass was a slave that then became a free man who could write. [13], Lovejoy held the Illinois Antislavery Congress at the Presbyterian church in Upper Alton on October 26, 1837. [9] Unsuccessful at finding work, he started to Illinois by foot. His former teachers at Waterville College advised him that he would best serve God in the West. He was shot and killed by a pro-slavery mob in Alto Reverend Elijah Lovejoy lived in Alton, Illinois. In April 1836, a mulatto boatman, Francis McIntosh, was arrested by two policemen and, en route to the jail, McIntosh grabbed a knife and stabbed both men. He eventually landed a position with the Saturday Evening Gazette as a newspaper subscription peddler. He was shot and killed by a pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois, during their attack on the warehouse of Benjamin Godfrey and W. S. Gillman, where Lovejoy's press and abolitionist materials were stored. Gill was himself a former Alton minister who, like Lovejoy, also suffered persecution for his commitment to human rights. '"[1]:98 When informed at a meeting about the murder, John Brown said publicly: "Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, from this time, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery. Lovejoy's views on slavery began to incite complaints and threats. There is a Lovejoy Health Center named for him in Albion, ME, the place of his birth. For nearly five weeks, he walked up and down streets, knocking on peoples' doors and wheedling passersby, in hopes of getting them to subscribe to the newspaper. In St. Louis, Lovejoy quickly became ill, but once recovered, he operated a school with a friend, modeled on high schools in the East. Elijah P. Lovejoy, in full Elijah Parish Lovejoy, (born November 9, 1802, Albion, Maine, U.S.—died November 7, 1837, Alton, Illinois), American newspaper editor and martyred abolitionist who died in defense of his right to print antislavery material in the period leading up to the American Civil War (1861–65). He served as pastor at Upper Alton Presbyterian Church (now College Avenue Presbyterian Church). However, Lovejoy admitted to his parents that "gradually these feelings all left me, and I returned to the world a more hardened sinner than ever. For the television presenter, see Tim Lovejoy. He replied in an editorial reiterating his views and his right to publish them. Brown described Lovejoy as "a very good man, and decidedly the best master that I had ever had. Some of his supporters were later buried near him. In September 1826, Lovejoy graduated cum laude from Waterville College,[6] of which he was valedictorian. Lovejoy struggled with his interest in religion, often writing his parents about his sinfulness and rebellion against God. By October 1835, there were rumors of mob action against the Observer. Elijah Parish Lovejoy was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist. He attended revival meetings in 1831 led by William S. Potts, pastor of First Presbyterian Church that rekindled his interest in religion for a time. ... we've compiled a series of multiple-choice questions about Elijah P. Lovejoy the abolitionist that will test your understanding of this historical figure. Dissatisfied with daily teaching, Lovejoy thought about moving to the Southern or Western United States. Lovejoy became a national symbol for the abolitionist movement and is remembered today not only in the history books but with a large monument in Alton that overlooks the city. His views were influenced by Nelson, an abolitionist. In May 1836, after pro-slavery forces in St. Louis destroyed his printing press for the third time, Lovejoy left the city and moved across the river to Alton, in the free state of Illinois. Owen and his brother Joseph wrote a memoir about Elijah, which was published in 1838 by the Anti-Slavery Society in New York and distributed widely among abolitionists in the nation. He also started an abolitionist paper called the Alton Observer. [13], Although Illinois was a free state, Alton, Illinois was a center for slave catchers and pro-slavery forces. [18][19] According to the Alton Observer, the mob fired shots into the warehouse. [5] His cousin Nathan A. Farwell later served as a U.S. Elijah Lovejoy’s younger brother, Owen Lovejoy, became an abolitionist leader in Illinois, friend of Abraham Lincoln, and His interest in teaching waned, however, when local editors began accepting his poems in their newspapers. [4] He excelled in his studies, and upon faculty recommendation, from 1824 until his 1826 graduation, while still an undergraduate, he also served as headmaster of Colby's associated high school, the Latin School (later Coburn Classical Institute). He continued his critical writings to include editorials on tobacco and liquor as well. Elijah Parish Lovejoy (November 9, 1802 – November 7, 1837) was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, newspaper editor, and abolitionist. Friends in St. Louis offered to finance a Presbyterian newspaper there if Lovejoy would agree to edit it. With his murder symbolic of the rising tensions within the country, Lovejoy is called the "first casualty of the Civil War."[15]. William Lloyd Garrison used his Boston newspaper, The Liberator to spread his message. Reverend William speaks from his heart giving powerful messages, motivating advice, and quoting Bible verses. From 1814 to 1860, more than three hundred freedom suits were filed by slaves to gain freedom, often based on their having lived in free territory with their masters. It has been said that he became an abolitionist after he witnessed a … The jury foreman had been a member of the mob and was wounded in the attack. Reverend Lovejoy or Elijah Parish Lovejoy was a reverend who published anti-slavery articles in various newspapers. How did men like William Lloyd Garrison, Reverend Lovejoy, and Fredrick Douglass participate in the abolitionist movement? Working at the Times introduced him to like-minded community leaders, many of whom were members of the American Colonization Society, that supported sending freed American blacks to Africa. 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