Diminishing farm size, and large dependency ratio necessitated way out of subsistence farming. The multistage sampling technique was adopted to systematically select the 118 households from which to collect data through household surveys, field observation and FGDs. Gulomekeda District, eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Multinomial logit model was used to pinpoint factors influencing households’ participation in non/off-farm activities while the determinants of non/off-farm income were analyzed by Tobit model. Even though-variations in livelihood strategies exist, the overall picture is still one of considerable and broad-based poverty in the area. Employing mixed research approach, data for this investigation was generated from 215 randomly selected survey respondents, key informants and discussants. The finding of the survey result indicates that much of the rural households (61%) in the study area practice diversified livelihood strategies that combined on-farm activities with non/off-farm activities. The study used a primary data collected from 180 randomly selected households using interview schedule. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. The results also indicated that the joint likelihood of using all adaptation strategies was only 1.5% and the joint likelihood of failure to adopt all of the adaptation strategies was 3.5%. Due to the unstable and meagre agricultural context of the study area, farm income alone could not feed the ever increasing population. force to off-farm and non-farm activities. Livelihood diversification strategies, including crop, labour and income diversification, are important in these contexts, although the motivations and outcomes may vary significant. This call for policies and strategies provide the incentive/intervention for the household who are using non-farm activities alone in ensuring their food security in rural area. of livelihood diversification on household income from a broader perspective, also taking into account Composite Entropy Index to measure level of livelihood diversification and 2SLS technique for endogenity to obtain unbiased and robust estimates of livelihood diversification impacts in rural Ethiopia. World Food and Agriculture. State. Econometric analysis. Although still of central importance, farming on its own is increasingly unable to provide a sufficient means of survival in rural areas. The degree of diversification of the household portfolio is generally determined by linkages in and outside agriculture such as family or household characteristics of age, household size, education etc., and also by the household’s and individual’s objectives (Valdivia and Quiroz, 1999). For the poorest, who have the least capacity to effectively manage risk, diversification may be a response to constraints imposed upon them by increasing climate risk. In particular, age and race of the operator and on-farm erosion potential are significantly related to the use of conservation tillage but not other practices. The results of the model pointed out that the likelihood of households to adopt irrigation, improved varieties of crops, adjustment of planting date, crop diversification and soil conservation practices were 52.3%, 45.8%, 49.5%, 46.9% and 34.1%, respectively. Even if our country Ethiopia practice agriculture The model result showed that out of fifteen explanatory variables, the age of heads, settlement of heads, literacy status of heads, household size, extension contact, access to training, total income, membership in cooperatives and distance to market were found to have a significant impact on households' participation. The western part of Ethiopia, Assosa zonein particular, is hit by high degree of incidence of food insecurity as agricultural production and productivity is highly vulnerable to climate variables (Sani and Kemaw 2017). Although still of central importance, farming on its own is increasingly unable to provide a sufficient means of survival in rural areas. Data was collected using key informant interview, focus group discussion and interview schedule. The study employed Participatory Rural Appraisal and survey methods. The Project would help improve livelihoods of people living in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (no Rural enterprise and wage-labor compared 9 7. This is somewhat at odds with the trajectories envisaged in agricultural policies in Ethiopia and other developing countries, which prioritize production of cash crops (and food crops for commercial purposes) as a pathway for development and food security. In Ethiopia, farm households engage and pursue diverse off-farm and non-farm livelihood activities to cope with diverse challenges such as drought. This paper analyzes the livelihood of the Borana pastoral communities of Southern Oromiya in Ethiopia. Food security of the household is a reply of available livelihood strategies. By KEMERIA BARSENGA KEDIR Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of MASTER IN HUMAN ECOLOGY At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: F.T TABIT May, 2015 Greene, W.H., 2003. Factors influencing conservation tillage acreage differ from those influencing expenditures for other conservation practices. In addition, focus group discussions and key informants interview were also used. consistent with the finding of Woinishet (2010). Multinomial logit model applied to investigate the determinant factors influencing the households' choice of livelihood strategies. of employment opportunities and generates over 83% of foreign exchange earnings of the country, Ethiopia forced households to cultivate and, /or non-farm activities have got paramount importance to development practitioners and policy makers to find the, livelihood improvement. Finding shows that relatively those respondents who engaged in farming activities were more food secure than those confined to non-farm activities and mixed activities. However, in Ethiopia, small numbers of farmers are involved in nonfarm or o -farm business activities, with the majority (83%) of them being primarily engaged in farming and Livelihood diversification is defined as the process by which rural families construct a diverse portfolio of activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and to improve their standards of living. The data analyzed through STATA revealed that most households have diversified their livelihood strategies into off and/or non-farm activities to improve their livelihood. Livelihood diversification is a strategy that can boost farmers’ income and promote sustainable land management practices. Survey result shows that about 38 percent of the respondents integrate agricultural and non-farm activities. While, being aged, having more farm size and far from the main road hinder the households to diversify the livelihood strategies. However, livelihood diversification is determined by complex and yet empirically untested factors in Debre Elias Woreda. An Initial Exploration of Concepts and Issues 1 1. This study identified rural household livelihood strategies and their determinants in the Assosa district of BGRS, western Ethiopia. This study aimed at investigating the livelihood strategies practiced by rural households, and analyzing determinants of rural household’s choice of livelihoo, predominant sources of livelihood for the majority of the population in the area (, Peasant Associations (PAs) in the district, 2.3. The study is conducted by using a cross-sectional research approach. The data analyzed through STATA revealed that most households have diversified their livelihood strategies into off and/or non-farm activities to improve their livelihood. The result of the multinomial logit model revealed that family size, sex of household head, education status, livestock holding, access to credit, dependency ratio, access to extension, age of the household head and distance from the nearest have significant influences on household choice of livelihood strategies. The paper’s objectives are first, to increase awareness of livelihood diversification in Poverty Food Insecurity And Livelihood Strategies In Rural Ethiopia The (pdf) rural households livelihood strategies and its impact on outcomes: the case of food security in wolaita zone southern ethiopia role diversification for household effects se curity status farm north Chaurasia, 2014. It is therefore not surprising that many development strategies and programs seek to design development interventions to better promote livelihood diversification. Decision to include or exclude particular studies was made Using data from a survey of farm operators in two Virginia counties, the authors analyze farmers' soil conservation decisions. Moreover, the study also identified that reducing meal size, reducing frequency of meal served, working as a daily laborer and selling livestock’s were the top four main coping mechanisms opted against food insecurity and/or shortage. Data Sources and Method of Collection, using interview schedule. Moreover, Multivariate probit model confirmed that sex, literacy status, farming experience, family size, land holding, access to credit, access to media, extension contact, farmer to farmer extension, farm income, off/non-farm income, livestock ownership, market distance and access to training have a statistically significant impact on climate adaptation strategies. logistic regression was employed to examine assets that determine choices of different livelihood options. Besides, descriptive statistics, the multivariate logistic regression was applied for the identification of determinants that helped to choose diversified livelihood strategies. also used. A Master of Arts Thesis in Development Studies. Ample studies conducted about livelihood diversification in rural Ethiopia were limited to Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The effect of Age of the households on livelihood diversity is ambiguous. About 84% of the sample households involved in non/off-farm activities and only 16% did not participate in any non/off-farm activity. Different published and unpublished documents were collected through different search engines from different databases, Google scholar and Google. Despite some improvements in recent years, widespread poverty and food insecurity remain the main challenges in Ethiopia. This paper examines the determinants of income diversification among rural households using cross sectional data collected from Fedis District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. The selection of those variables is guided by previous empirical studies. The very small number of studies conducted in Ethiopia documented the contribution of livelihood diversification to small holder farmers [9–11]. A Master of Arts Thesis in Development Studies. The results imply that these factors need to be considered by policy makers in the planning of agricultural and non agricultural initiatives in this study area. This study examined the effect of household livelihood on food security in Angolela and Tera District by taking randomly selected sample of 256 household and multi-nominal probit regression was used. The role of rural labor market in reducing poverty in, Research, the Department of Agricultural Economics and Manageme, and Recommendations for Equitable and Accelerated Develop, FAO, 2012. This study identified farmers' choice of and factors determining adaptation strategies to climate change in Assosa district, western Ethiopia which is severely affected by climate change stresses. The purpose of this study was to identify the livelihood strategies and diversification status in the western tip of Ethiopia, Lare woreda. of livelihood diversification on household income from a broader perspective, also taking into account Composite Entropy Index to measure level of livelihood diversification and 2SLS technique for endogenity to obtain unbiased and robust estimates of livelihood diversification impacts in rural Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, farm households engage and pursue diverse off-farm and non-farm livelihood activities to cope with diverse challenges such as drought. Relevant secondary data. The study argues that most smallholder farmers tend to diversify their livelihood strategies although various factors influence the diversification of livelihood strategies. contact, literacy status of household heads, leadership role, access to traini. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that the majority of the sample respondent households thus, 48.3% allocated all their labor force to pastoral and farming activities alone, while about 29.5% were involved in a combination of pastoral, farming and low return non pastoral nonfarm livelihood strategy and 22% work on pastoral, farming and high return non pastoral nonfarm combination of livelihood strategy. Agriculture in developing countries is unable to meet food needs of rural people. Thus, rural households engage in to different livelihood diversification activities to ensure their food needs and secure their future livelihoods. Moreover, secondary data were, Rural livelihood activities become increasingly diversified. Whereas, younger rural households cannot get enough farmland to support their families, and thus they get into diversified venture activities. Surveys and key informant interviews (KII) were sources of data. 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