In an attempt to recoup profits and meet demand, some American turquoise is treated or enhanced to a certain degree. Early backing materials included the casings of old model T batteries, old phonograph records, and more recently epoxy steel resins. The French conducted archaeological excavations of Egypt from the mid-19th century through the early 20th. The Ancient Egyptian use of turquoise stretches back as far as the First Dynasty and possibly earlier; however, probably the most well-known pieces incorporating the gem are those recovered from Tutankhamun's tomb, most notably the Pharaoh's iconic burial mask which was liberally inlaid with the stone. Hardness and richness of colour are two of the major factors in determining the value of turquoise; while colour is a matter of individual taste, generally speaking, the most desirable is a strong sky to robin egg blue (in reference to the eggs of the American robin). It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. Done. People who practise holistic medicine say that turquoise has a calming effect on patients. The refractive index of turquoise (as measured by sodium light, 589.3 nm) is approximately 1.61 or 1.62; this is a mean value seen as a single reading on a gemological refractometer, owing to the almost invariably polycrystalline nature of turquoise. 4. De kleur is ongeveer blauwgroen. Dissolved oxygen in the water oxidizes the copper sulfides to soluble sulfates, and the acidic, copper-laden solution then reacts with aluminum and potassium minerals in the host rock to precipitate turquoise. These excavations, including that of Tutankhamun's tomb, created great public interest in the western world, subsequently influencing jewellery, architecture, and art of the time. turquoise-marilyn-62. Turquoise. This process consists of pressure impregnation of otherwise unsaleable chalky American material by epoxy and plastics (such as polystyrene) and water glass (sodium silicate) to produce a wetting effect and improve durability. Eigenschappen. Marilyn on naisenimi.. 2019. aasta seisuga oli see Eestis esinemissageduselt 758. naisenimi. All Bisbee turquoise was "lunch pail" mined. Its streak is a pale bluish white, and its fracture is conchoidal,[3] leaving a waxy lustre. Since at least the First Dynasty (3000 BCE) in ancient Egypt, and possibly before then, turquoise was used by the Egyptians and was mined by them in the Sinai Peninsula. Most of the pieces made today, with turquoise usually roughly polished into irregular cabochons set simply in silver, are meant for inexpensive export to Western markets and are probably not accurate representations of the original style. [citation needed] In the ancient Persian Empire, the sky-blue gemstones were earlier worn round the neck or wrist as protection against unnatural death. Bila je poznata po svojim komičarskim vještinama pa je postala jedna od najvećih filmskih zvijezda pedesetih i ranih šezdesetih godina 20. stoljeća te kulturna i modna ikona. The colour of Sinai material is typically greener than that of Iranian material but is thought to be stable and fairly durable. In Iranian architecture, the blue turquoise was used to cover the domes of palaces because its intense blue colour was also a symbol of heaven on earth. Gladys negatívvágóként dolgozott a Consolidated Film Industriesnél. Dit is een doorverwijspagina, bedoeld om de verschillen in betekenis of gebruik van Turquoise inzichtelijk te maken.. Op deze pagina staat een uitleg van de verschillende betekenissen van Turquoise en verwijzingen daarnaartoe. Large-scale turquoise mining is not profitable today, but the deposits are sporadically quarried by Bedouin peoples using homemade gunpowder. This takes place when hydrothermal fluids leach copper from a host rock, which is typically an intrusion of calc-alkaline rock with a moderate to high silica content that is relatively oxidized. Turquoise Marilyn, Andy Warhol Cross Stitch Pattern, Painting Cross Stitch Pattern PDF AlitonEmbroidery. They observe that if the stone is not backed it will often crack. This process took place at a relatively shallow depth, and by 1965 the mines had "bottomed" at a depth averaging just 9 meters (30 ft) below the surface. Turquoise is nearly always cryptocrystalline and massive and assumes no definite external shape. Additionally, Marco Polo reported turquoise found in present-day Sichuan. The Egyptians were the first to produce an artificial imitation of turquoise, in the glazed earthenware product faience. Andy Warhol was born 'Andrew Warhola' to Slovakian immigrant parents living in Pittsburgh in America. The gemstone has been known by many names. Je bent direct bij winkelstraat , zonder dat je er hinder van hebt. The two most important of these mines, from a historical perspective, are Serabit el-Khadim and Wadi Maghareh, believed to be among the oldest of known mines. Turquoise, already favoured for its pastel shades since around 1810, was a staple of Egyptian Revival pieces. Het groene, geelgrijze, lichtblauwe, maar typisch blauwgroene turkoois heeft een wasglans en een vaal blauwwitte streepkleur.Het kristalstelsel is triklien en de splijting is perfect volgens het kristalvlak [001] en goed volgens [010]; overigens komt het nagenoeg alleen in cryptokristallijne vormen voor dus is de splijting in de praktijk niet waar te nemen. Kievlenko (1980), updated, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Turquoise: mineral information and data", "Role of Potassic Alteration for Porphyry Cu Mineralization: Implication for the Absence of Porphyry Cu Deposits in Japan: Role of potassic alteration in porphyry system", "Historic preservation in the Cerrillos mining district", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turquoise&oldid=997949838, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Articles needing additional references from April 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 01:08. While rarely encountered today, odontolite was once mined in large quantities—specifically for its use as a substitute for turquoise—in southern France. ‘Turquoise Marilyn’ (1962) — silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas, 36 inches x 36 inches — was replicated from a magazine still. Marilyn Kerro There are six mines in the peninsula, all on its southwest coast, covering an area of some 650 km2 (250 sq mi). The copper is redeposited in more concentrated form as a copper porphyry, in which veins of copper sulfide fill joints and fractures in the rock. It consists of four canvases, each a square measuring 40 inches and each consisting of a painting of Marilyn Monroe, each shot through in the forehead by a single bullet. While nearly every county in the state has yielded some turquoise, the chief producers are in Lander and Esmeralda counties. The turquoise is found in sandstone that is, or was originally, overlain by basalt. Single greeting card featuring Andy Warhol's iconic Turquoise Marilyn, a portrait of actress Marilyn Monroe on a turquoise background. The name comes from the French word for Turkish.. Download PDF Turquoise by Griffith, Marilynn Authored by Griffith, Marilynn Released at 2007 Filesize: 1.59 MB Reviews A whole new electronic book with an all new perspective. Weathered and broken trachyte is host to the turquoise, which is found both in situ between layers of limonite and sandstone and amongst the scree at the mountain's base. A guard stands near the painting Turquoise Marilyn by Andy Warhol during a media preview on April 1, 2009 of a exhibition on loan to Sotheby's New York entitled Women. mrczarnecki has uploaded 157 photos to Flickr. It is one of the most incredible book we have read. In spite of increased costs, small scale mining operations continue at a number of turquoise properties in Nevada, including the Godber, Orvil Jack and Carico Lake mines in Lander County, the Pilot Mountain Mine in Mineral County, and several properties in the Royston and Candelaria areas of Esmerelda County. A common belief shared by many of these civilizations held that turquoise possessed certain prophylactic qualities; it was thought to change colour with the wearer's health and protect him or her from untoward forces. In contemporary Western use, turquoise is most often encountered cut en cabochon in silver rings, bracelets, often in the Native American style, or as tumbled or roughly hewn beads in chunky necklaces. Billy Name, in the Ray Johnson documentary How to Draw a Bunny, describes this event as a "performance piece" by Podber. [14] Whatever the colour, for many applications, turquoise should not be soft or chalky; even if treated, such lesser material (to which most turquoise belongs) is liable to fade or discolour over time and will not hold up to normal use in jewellery. Turquoise may also be peppered with flecks of pyrite or interspersed with dark, spidery limonite veining. Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 4,1962) was an American actress, writer, model, singer and filmmaker.Between 1946 and 1962, she made 44 movies. Arizona is currently the most important producer of turquoise by value. Copper and iron workings are present in the area. 4H 2 O.It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. [citation needed]. The deposits in Cochise County, Arizona, are found in Cambrian quartzites and geologically young granites and go down at least as deep as 54 meters (177 ft).[10]. It also adorned rings and great sweeping necklaces called pectorals. 7,609 views the total Nevada turquoise production since the 1870s has been estimated at more than 600 short tons (540 t), including nearly 400 short tons (360 t) from the Carico Lake mine. The classical Iranian deposits are found in sandstones and limestones of Tertiary age were intruded by apatite-rich porphyritic trachytes and mafic rock. Cerrillos, New Mexico is thought to be the location of the oldest mines; prior to the 1920s, the state was the country's largest producer; it is more or less exhausted today. Like the Aztecs, the Pueblo, Navajo and Apache tribes cherished turquoise for its amuletic use; the latter tribe believe the stone to afford the archer dead aim. Andy Warhol was fascinated with fame for himself, but also of those that were famous. Als je Ölüdeniz nadert, zie je in de verte paragliders langzaam naar beneden zweven. Morenci and Turquoise Peak are either inactive or depleted. A guard stands near the painting Turquoise Marilyn by Andy Warhol during a media preview on April 1, 2009 of a exhibition on loan to Sotheby's New York entitled Women. Some deposits, such as those of Saguache and Conejos Counties in Colorado[10] or the Cerrillos Hills in New Mexico,[11] are typical supergene deposits formed from copper porphyries. Until the 1980s Virginia was widely thought to be the only source of distinct crystals; there are now at least 27 other localities. 5 out of 5 stars (2,049) 2,049 reviews. As is so often the case with any precious stones, full disclosure about treatment is frequently not given. Cabochons of imported turquoise, along with coral, was (and still is) used extensively in the silver and gold jewellery of Tibet and Mongolia, where a greener hue is said to be preferred. Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction onto the market of treatments, imitations and synthetics. The finest of turquoise reaches a maximum Mohs hardness of just under 6, or slightly more than window glass. Among these peoples turquoise was used in mosaic inlay, in sculptural works, and was fashioned into toroidal beads and freeform pendants. Dorothy Podber (1932–2008), a friend of Factory photographer Billy Name, saw the recently completed paintings stacked against one another at the studio and asked Warhol if she could shoot them. Only one mine in California, located at Apache Canyon, operates at a commercial capacity today. (With some skill, oil and wax treatments can be restored. All other factors being equal, untreated turquoise will always command a higher price. Unlike elsewhere in the US, most Nevada mines have been worked primarily for their gem turquoise and very little has been recovered as a byproduct of other mining operations. There are some American mines which produce materials of high enough quality that no treatment or alterations are required. The Southwest United States is a significant source of turquoise; Arizona, California (San Bernardino, Imperial, Inyo counties), Colorado (Conejos, El Paso, Lake, Saguache counties), New Mexico (Eddy, Grant, Otero, Santa Fe counties) and Nevada (Clark, Elko, Esmeralda County, Eureka, Lander, Mineral County and Nye counties) are (or were) especially rich. The majority of American material is now treated in this manner although it is a costly process requiring many months to complete. [5] Several mines exist in the state, two of them famous for their unique colour and quality and considered the best in the industry: the Sleeping Beauty Mine in Globe ceased turquoise mining in August 2012. Mga dapit nga gitawag Turquoise sa Mehiko. [7] However, a typical turquoise deposit begins with hydrothermal deposition of copper sulfides. [citation needed]. Crystals, even at the microscopic scale, are rare. [1], Dorothy Podber: 'Witch' who shot Warhol's Marilyns, Ten Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century, The Velvet Underground and Nico: A Symphony of Sound, The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shot_Marilyns&oldid=945908280, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 March 2020, at 21:48. Native indigenous peoples of this region, because of their considerable use and wearing of turquoise, have found that backing increases the durability of thinly cut slabs and cabochons of turquoise. Your way of life span will likely be convert when … Heerlijk eten en vriendelijk personeel. The former mine is situated about 4 kilometres from an ancient temple dedicated to the deity Hathor. The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) of the Chaco Canyon and surrounding region are believed to have prospered greatly from their production and trading of turquoise objects. After she had shot the Marilyns and left, Andy Warhol purportedly asked Billy Name to please ask Dorothy not to do that again. Nevada turquoise is found as nuggets, fracture fillings and in breccias as the cement filling interstices between fragments. bila je američka filmska glumica, pjevačica, model i pop-ikona, svojedobno i dobitnica Zlatnoga globusa za najbolju glavnu glumicu. It was apparently unknown in India until the Mughal period, and unknown in Japan until the 18th century. Most of the turquoise deposits in Nevada occur along a wide belt of tectonic activity that coincides with the state's zone of thrust faulting. The stone is also considered sacred to the indigenous Zuni and Pueblo peoples of the American Southwest. It was initially named by Iranians "pērōzah" meaning "victory", and later the Arabs called it "fayrūzah", which is pronounced in Modern Persian as "fīrūzeh". Ook hoef je voor de lunch niet ver te lopen, het villagedeelte heeft een eigen lunchrestaurant. Most of these products differ markedly from natural turquoise in both physical and chemical properties, but in 1972 Pierre Gilson introduced one fairly close to a true synthetic (it does differ in chemical composition owing to a binder used, meaning it is best described as a simulant rather than a synthetic). Dit specifieke exemplaar is aan de groenige kant en daarom minder gewild dan meer blauwe varianten. The lustre of turquoise is typically waxy to subvitreous, and its transparency is usually opaque, but may be semitranslucent in thin sections. The Aztecs inlaid turquoise, together with gold, quartz, malachite, jet, jade, coral, and shells, into provocative (and presumably ceremonial[clarification needed]) mosaic objects such as masks (some with a human skull as their base), knives, and shields. Dyes have also been used to darken the veins of turquoise. While a number of the Nevada deposits were first worked by Native Americans,[which?] [12], In 1912, the first deposit of distinct, single-crystal turquoise was discovered at Lynch Station in Campbell County, Virginia. Persian turquoise was often engraved with devotional words in Arabic script which was then inlaid with gold. Colour is as variable as the mineral's other properties, ranging from white to a powder blue to a sky blue and from a blue-green to a yellowish green. [17], In Western culture, turquoise is also the traditional birthstone for those born in the month of December. Turquoise Marilyn is on Facebook. These workings are the oldest known, together with those of the Sinai Peninsula. [3][6] With lower hardness comes lower specific gravity (2.60–2.90)[3] and greater porosity; these properties are dependent on grain size. [13], China has been a minor source of turquoise for 3,000 years or more. B-sida var «Hey Gyp (Dig the Slowness)». Uniformity of colour is desired, and in finished pieces the quality of workmanship is also a factor; this includes the quality of the polish and the symmetry of the stone. Other natural materials occasionally confused with or used in lieu of turquoise include: variscite and faustite;[5] chrysocolla (especially when impregnating quartz); lazulite; smithsonite; hemimorphite; wardite; and a fossil bone or tooth called odontolite or "bone turquoise", coloured blue naturally by the mineral vivianite. Some destructive tests may be necessary; for example, the application of diluted hydrochloric acid will cause the carbonates odontolite and magnesite to effervesce and howlite to turn green, while a heated probe may give rise to the pungent smell so indicative of plastic. All small-scale operations, especially because treated turquoise is treated in many different ways, some more permanent and than! 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