Value. Similar functions include lapply(), sapply(), mapply() and tapply().These functions are more efficient than loops when handling data in batch. In Word Online, Word 2010 and Word 2007, the Layout tab is labeled as Page Layout. FUN: list of the same length as margin, each element of the list being either a function or a list of functions. R tapply, lapply, sapply, apply, mapply functions usage. Value. Margins are formed in the order in which dimensions are specified in margin. Rui Barradas Hello, 2L is an integer, 2 might be or not. So 1 stands for rows and 2 for columns. CSS Margins. Dividing that net profit by the sales price gives you the sales margin as a percentage. LMN company declared a net profit, before taxes and interest, of $3M for year-end 2015. 8 Answers. The Apply family comprises: apply, lapply , sapply, vapply, mapply, rapply, and tapply. If each call to FUN returns a vector of length n, then apply returns an array of dimension c(n,dim(x)[MARGIN]) if n > 1.If n equals 1, apply returns a vector if MARGIN has length 1 and an array of dimension dim(x)[MARGIN] otherwise.. I present it here in its original form. Let’s go through the code step by step: x: Our example matrix, which is called data. It allows users to apply a function to a vector or data frame by row, by column or to the entire data frame. margin.table {base} R Documentation: Compute table margin Description. The default value is 1. Names of the list elements will appear as levels in dimnames of the result. But why? MARGIN: We want to apply the operation by row. Similarly, the phase margin is the difference between the phase of the response and –180° when the loop gain is 1.0. Default value: 0: Inherited: no: Animatable: yes, see individual properties. Example Calculation. Gm is the amount of gain variance required to make the loop gain unity at the frequency Wcg where the phase angle is –180° (modulo 360°). Apply for option trading with this account. Favorite Answer. Margin Calls A margin call occurs when the investments in the account and the cash decrease in value and fall below the minimum maintenance margin amount. The Family of Apply functions pertains to the R base package, and is populated with functions to manipulate slices of data from matrices, arrays, lists and data frames in a repetitive way.Apply Function in R are designed to avoid explicit use of loop constructs. Gross margin is a company's net sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold (COGS). After the initial transaction, maintenance rules set by the self-regulatory organizations, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASD, apply. argument. … Expressed as a percentage, profit margin … The initial margin requirement is set by federal law and varies from product to product. If the calls to FUN return vectors of different lengths, apply returns a list of length dim(x)[MARGIN].. See Also. Keywords iteration, category. Compute the sum of table entries over a given index. If the function is simple, you can create it right inside the arguments for apply. Usage margin.table(x, margin) Arguments. If the calls to FUN return vectors of different lengths, apply returns a list of length prod(dim(X)[MARGIN]) with dim set to MARGIN if this has length greater than one. Table 2: Example Matrix After Simple Application of sweep in R. As you can see, all zeros where replaced by 5. The relevant marginal table. Margins are formed in the order in which dimensions are specified in margin. Sales margin is calculated the same way that gross profit margin, also known as margin, is. The margin argument takes a number or a vector of numbers, but it can be a bit confusing. Therefore, we set MARGIN = 1. vector of dimensions over which to form margins. INDEX. In the case of apply(), there is no difference. It is fairly straightforward to set the margins of a graph in R by calling the par() function with the mar (for margin!) –function is the function you want to apply to the elements of your variable. After you determine the cost of a product, you can subtract this from the sales price to get the net profit. If the margin property has two values: margin: 10px 5px; top and bottom margins are 10px; right and left margins are 5px; If the margin property has one value: margin: 10px; all four margins are 10px; Note: Negative values are allowed. In the length-1 case, can be a function instead of a list of one. When I look at the source of R Packages, i see the function sweep used quite often. –margin specifies if you want to apply by row (margin = 1), by column (margin = 2), or for each element (margin = 1:2). The CSS margin properties are used to create space around elements, outside of any defined borders.. With CSS, you have full control over the margins. I have been confused with sweep many times in the past but I think you are confused with apply.. Adam J. Lv 6. Profit margin gauges the degree to which a company or a business activity makes money, essentially by dividing income by revenues. How to change font size of text and axes on R plots. To learn more, launch our online finance courses now! Details. yes/no. If the calls to FUN return vectors of different lengths, apply returns a list of length prod(dim(X)[MARGIN]) with dim set to MARGIN if this has length greater than one. Operating Profit Margin is a profitability or performance ratio that reflects the percentage of profit a company produces from its operations, prior to subtracting taxes and interest charges. The apply function in R is used as a fast and simple alternative to loops. Apply for margin within this account. Any possible(*) combination of the dimensions of 'x' in apply(x, margin, function) (*) non-null. Relevance. Below are a few basic uses of this powerful function as well as one of it’s sister functions lapply. If n equals 1, apply returns a vector if MARGIN has length 1 and an array of dimension dim(X)[MARGIN] otherwise. list of the same length as margin, each element of the list being either a function or a list of functions. These functions allow crossing the data in a number of ways and avoid explicit use of loop constructs. Therefore, a high ratio can result from: Efficient management; Low costs (expenses) Strong pricing strategies . Instead, you need a package called modeest in your library. Net sales reported in the income statement shows an amount of $5M. margin: vector of dimensions over which to form margins. The margins are numbered the same way as in the apply() function. 1 decade ago. For example, par(mar=c(5.1,4.1,4.1,2.1) sets the bottom, left, top and right margins respectively of the plot region in number of lines of text. If n is 0, the result has length 0 but not necessarily the “correct” dimension. The gross margin reveals the amount that a business earns from the sale of its products and services, before the deduction of any selling and administrative expenses . FUN. Apply a function to each cell of a ragged array, that is to each (non-empty) group of values given by a unique combination of the levels of certain factors. To apply a predefined margin, select Layout > Margins and choose the predefined margin you want to use. There isn’t a function in R to do this automatically, so I can create my own function. Edit: This post originally appeared on my WordPress blog on September 20, 2009. Using apply in R. We start with the godfather of the family, apply, which operates on arrays (for simplicity we limit here to 2D arrays, aka, matrices). … Gross margin is a company’s net sales minus its cost of goods sold . Depreciation and amortization total $100,000. Sometimes it's used when a simpler function would have sufficed (e.g., apply), other times, it's impossible to know exactly what it's is doing without spending a fair amount of time to step through the code block it's in. The steps to change margins remain the same. I am printing the matrix below so that it is easy to visually compare with apply and sweep later on: > m [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 4 [2,] 2 5 [3,] 3 6 Because we are using columns, MARGIN = 2. apply(my.matrx, 2, length) ## [1] 10 10 10. All possible values for margin? margin. To reduce the text size, use a cex value of less than 1; to increase the text size, use a cex value greater than 1. apply() function applies a function to margins of an array or matrix. Buying on margin amplifies both gains and losses. What if instead, I wanted to find n-1 for each column? Usage tapply(X, INDEX, FUN = NULL, …, default = NA, simplify = TRUE) Arguments X. an R object for which a split method exists. AccountingTools . If n equals 1, apply returns a vector if MARGIN has length 1 and an array of dimension dim(X)[MARGIN] otherwise. yes/no. The apply() Family. Base R does have a function called mode(), but it’s for something much different. For example, to buy stock on margin, you must have at least 50% of the purchase price in your account. The apply() family pertains to the R base package and is populated with functions to manipulate slices of data from matrices, arrays, lists and dataframes in a repetitive way. If n is 0, the result has length 0 but not necessarily the ‘correct’ dimension. The horizontal ruler displayed below the Word menu provides another way to change the margins in your document. The MARGIN argument means exactly the same thing in both functions and that is row-wise operation. In other words, the gain margin is 1/g if g is the gain at the –180° phase frequency. There are other functions in the apply family (sapply, mapply, rollapply, etc.) what does this mean? Use the Ruler to Adjust Margins in Word . Margin can be even greater than 2, if we work with variables of dimension greater than two. To change the font size of text elements, use cex (short for character expansion ratio). There are properties for setting the margin for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left). Margin: Allows you to borrow money from your broker to invest with the money you place into your account as collateral. EBITDA Margin = EBITDA / Net Sales . Answer Save. x: an array: margin: index number (1 for rows, etc.) Typically vector-like, allowing subsetting with [. A high net profit margin means that a company is able to effectively control its costs and/or provide goods or services at a price significantly higher than its costs. Margin is the money borrowed from a broker to purchase an investment and is the difference between the total value of investment and the loan amount. This is really just apply(x,margin,sum) packaged up for newbies. 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